The Polish republic is very well located in the central part of Europe. Industry and agriculture are well developed in the country. There is access to the sea. The minimum wage is more than 520 euros per month, the employment rate of the population is at least 94%. And comparatively low taxes for businessmen make it possible to conduct a successful business in Poland.
General information
The Republic of Poland is a country of the European Union. Therefore, the general principles of doing business are similar to other EU countries. The state does not interfere too much in the work of entrepreneurs if they do not violate the laws. And the local economy, even during the crisis years, feels stable.
There are many Belarusians, Ukrainians, Russians and other citizens of the CIS who are successfully engaged in entrepreneurship in the country. Some private entrepreneurs (PE) are assisted by the state.
What is business immigration
If you decide to start a business in Poland, it is better to first come to the country for exploration on a regular tourist visa. Look around, get acquainted with local customs. Study potential clients. It is possible to find future partners, choose the location of the future company, store, office or workshop.
It is important to have a clear idea of what the new venture will look like. And you can register a company without a residence permit.
What is a business visa
A migrant card that is issued to merchants from other countries is called a business visa. It allows you to engage only in entrepreneurial activity in the country - you cannot study at universities or work for hire. You can get such a card at the diplomatic mission of the state. This is done after the opening of the company.
You will need one of the evidence of business activity:
- Certificate of registration in the National Court Register;
- Partnership agreement, if the applicant opens a joint business or wants to invest in an existing one;
- A receipt confirming that the organization has paid tax payments to the Polish budget.
In addition, they will be asked to collect the usual package of papers:
- Application form (the form will be issued by the embassy staff);
- International passport, citizen's identity card;
- Photo - 2 pcs.;
- A document from the bank on the existence of an account;
- A copy of the work book (with the seal and signature of a notary);
- Medical insurance.
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If the documents are in order, then in 6-10 days the business visa will be ready. In exceptional cases, the process will take up to 30 days. Validity period - 12 months.
What type of business is profitable to open in Poland
The choice of direction depends on the amount of available capital and self-confidence. Most of the visitors from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine start out with small businesses.
If there is a financial opportunity, it is recommended to try to find a ready-made project related to a medium-sized business, which is for sale, or for which an investor is required. The main thing is to determine that the business is promising and will not become unprofitable in the near future.
Conditions of immigration to Poland for entrepreneurs
Any foreigner can come to the country and do business, provided that:
- He is an adult;
- Has not been in prison and has no criminal record;
- There are no diseases dangerous to others.
It is not recommended to provide deliberately false information about yourself during registration, to use counterfeit papers.
Choosing the required visa, conditions for obtaining
First, you should use a regular Schengen visa. And after opening a company, initiate the process of obtaining a business visa.
The sequence of obtaining migration cards is as follows:
- Business card;
- Residence permit - a simple residence permit;
- Permanent residence - permanent residence permit;
- Passport of a citizen of Poland.
Some visiting merchants are content with business cards and do not apply for a residence permit.
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Conditions for obtaining a residence permit, permanent residence, citizenship
The residence permit will be issued subject to the following points:
- The applicant's firm employs at least two people who have the right to do so;
- The company has been generating real income for at least a year.
The term of issue is up to three years. Permanent residence can be obtained after 5 years of residence with a regular residence permit. And citizenship - in 10 years. Terms may decrease, depending on the success of the merchant.
Buying a ready-made business and starting from scratch
Finding working businesses that sell their current owners should be searched for on thematic sites. It is recommended to involve lawyers familiar with this topic. In this way, scammers can be avoided.
A case transfer agreement should also be signed in the presence of intermediaries. After that, you will have to re-register the company in your name. This will save time as it takes much longer to set up a new firm.
The creation of a commercial project begins with the development of a name, logo (if necessary), and so on.
Both an individual and a legal entity will be able to register an organization. There are 2 ways:
- Through an online service - the shortest route (3 days);
- Through a notary's office - takes up to four weeks.
The difference is that a standard memorandum of association is formed via the Internet, and a lawyer will prepare an extended one. You will need to stand in lines at the offices, independently obtaining most of the certificates.
You will also have to:
- Open an account with a local bank;
- Register numbers: tax and insurance;
- Contribute the authorized capital.
It is recommended to entrust (if possible) these actions to intermediaries. It will cost up to 1.5 thousand euros.
What do Russian-speaking entrepreneurs do most of the time?
Some of the most common solutions for businessmen from Russia and the CIS countries are small objects - stalls or shops selling food, alcohol and fast food. If a merchant decides to sell any of his own products or repair something, he will have to rent a workshop. The location of the facility is of utmost importance.
General examples of profitability, prices are in PLN for 1 month (PLN - local currency):
- Cafe (fast food). A pizzeria in the center of Warsaw brings about 15 thousand;
- Capital beauty salon - about 12-13;
- Bakery - 10-11 thousand;
- Shop selling alcohol. Profit - more than 15 thousand
It is worth noting that people will enter cafes and beauty salons, despite the abundance of such establishments. It is important to guess with the location and range of goods and services.
When opening a shop with strong drinks, it is important to take into account that a shop of this type operating 24 hours makes a profit on 20% more than usual.
The demand is ensured all year round. But there are limitations:
- By location: you need to look for a place away from churches, child care facilities and playgrounds;
- A license is required for this type of activity.
One of the advantages of activities related to the sale of baked goods, food and alcohol is that it does not require qualified personnel. And in the salon you will have to look for specialized masters.
Business ideas with minimal investment
With practically no funds, you can:
- Organize a private kindergarten (2-4 children);
- Offer tutoring services;
- Conduct city tours;
- Create and sell products of our own production (souvenirs, toys);
- Engage in an IT service (website development, web design, programming).
Real examples
Marina is an entrepreneur from Minsk.
“We came to Warsaw in 2003. My husband was able to find a job by taxi, and I decided to try to open a small cafe near the city center. I had a similar experience in Belarus, so I was ready for long battles with officials. However, the most difficult thing was finding a good room.The employees of the registration authorities helped a lot with advice, they were especially impressed that I speak Polish well. The cafe worked for three years, and during this time there was not a single check in the institution. We sent declarations to the tax office and that's it. "
Legal nuances
The work of local non-governmental organizations is governed by the KSH - the Code of Commercial Companies.
An entrepreneur can register an individual entrepreneur or a legal entity. The rules of the enterprise will depend on this.
For small firms with 1-3 employees, it is recommended to register as individual entrepreneurs.
If the organization is large, then you should choose the form of a joint stock company or partnership (if there are partners).
Business registration
More 80% Polish companies exist in the form of "LLC". If a businessman does not have Polish citizenship, permanent residence and is not a resident of the EU states, then the company will have to be registered through intermediaries (lawyers).
Registration sequence:
- The choice of the field of activity. You can choose one main and up to 9 additional;
- Creation of authorized capital - from 5 thousand zlotys;
- Fixing the creation of a company with a notary, signing the agreement of the founders;
- Registration in the State Register;
- Obtaining "Regon" - legal entity identifier;
- Registration in the tax commission;
- Registration with the ZUS (social security department) - this is only necessary if the company employs employees. If there is only one merchant, then it is not required;
- Receiving a seal.
Reference. Online registration is carried out at http://ems.ms.gov.pl.
Taxation
The tax rate is progressive. It all depends on the type of activity, level of income:
- Income tax (individuals / legal entities) - 19% or higher;
- VAT - 0%, 5%, 8%, 23%. How much to pay - depends on the group of goods;
- For dividends - 19%.
The tax authorities are trying to ease the burden on entrepreneurs who earn less than 2.5 minimum wages and have reduced their income tax to 600 zlotys.
The declaration is filled in and submitted until April 30.
Other subtleties
It should be borne in mind that goods from Poland can be transported through the EU without any duties. This can be used if you organize a trading company for sales / purchases and make money on distribution.
Business Tips and Common Mistakes
It is not recommended to open non-grocery stores due to the high risk of bankruptcy. There is a lot of competition, and Poles are used to buying things from trusted sellers. At the same time, a small cafe will cost at 20-25 thousand euros and will give a small but stable income.
Ready-made companies should be bought through intermediaries. The main thing is to choose a company with a reputation.
It is recommended to issue a Post-period card: it will allow a merchant to take a preferential loan from a bank (at 5% per annum). It can be issued upon receipt of a residence permit.
The Polish economy is the eighth largest in the EU. There are difficulties in the country, many indigenous people are forced to work in Western Europe, the unemployment rate is quite high, but nevertheless, if you have entrepreneurial skills, fresh ideas and a well-thought-out plan of action, you can open businesses here and earn a stable income.
