A child's trip to another country is clearly different from traveling within the Russian Federation: it implies compliance with many formalities, preparation of the necessary documents, and the costs are assumed to be completely different. At the same time, a small tourist does not always set out on a journey with the whole family. Increasingly, children began to travel to foreign camps, on excursions in groups or to study. And a properly issued permission for a child to travel abroad from one or both parents often becomes a defining document in the preparation of a trip.
When do you need permission
Is it necessary to have permission for a child to travel abroad from a second parent, must be considered from two positions:
- based on the laws of the Russian Federation;
- taking into account the migration requirements of the host state.
According to Art. 20 and 21 of the Federal Law No. 114 of August 15, 1996, which sets out the procedure for leaving and entering the territory of the Russian Federation, its minor citizen can cross the border:
- with own parents,
- only with the father or with the mother,
- on one's own,
- accompanied by third parties.
Trip with parents
No permission is required if the family sets out in full force. But when planning a trip with the whole family, there are several details to consider. For example, parents have the right to choose: they can enter their baby into one of their passports. The new rules stipulate that the procedure will be possible only if we are talking about old-style (paper) passports.
The child can obtain a personal travel document.
A child under 14 years of age can also leave the Russian Federation on the basis of a certificate issued to him at birth. But you can only go to countries with which Russia has signed agreements on joint trips: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Armenia.
One parent
If the trip is planned with an incomplete staff, then it is important to know that permission for a child to travel abroad under 18 years old with one of the parents is not required. But at the same time, the child must have a personal passport. If it is not there, then the data on the offspring must be recorded in the passport of the parent with whom he is traveling.
At the same time, the permission of the second parent is not required if he has not conveyed his disagreement regarding the upcoming trip to the authorities.
Accompanied by a representative
In a situation where a trip is supposed to be accompanied by a trusted person, the consent of the parents for the child to travel abroad unaccompanied will be required from both the father and the mother. Usually, this can be encountered when organizing a trip to competitions or competitions as part of sports teams or dance groups. Under such conditions, all responsibility for Russian minors rests with the leader, who will act as an accompanying person.
Moreover, he becomes the legal representative of young Russians, and is also obliged to ensure the safety of their life and health while in a foreign state. In this case, parental consent is no longer a formality, but a quite serious document that confirms the transfer of the child under the guardianship of a particular person. In this case, in addition to the permission, you will have to prepare the child's personal passport and, if necessary, a visa.
Independent travel
Another situation is a minor child traveling abroad without parents and without an accompanying person. It should be remembered that Russian law prohibits children under 12 years of age from crossing the border without an adult. But at the same time, children from 2 to 12 years old are allowed to leave under the supervision of a carrier.
Be prepared for the fact that in practice airlines only take responsibility for children who are at least 5 years old. Be that as it may, in any development of events, the package of documents will need to include permission from both parents, certified by a notary, and the personal passport of a young traveler with an open visa, if required.
Thus, it is mandatory to issue a permit in the following cases:
- when traveling, accompanied by persons other than parents, to any state, whether it is a visa or not;
- when traveling alone;
- when traveling to most countries with one parent, for example, to the countries of the Schengen Agreement.
Even if a permit to leave the Russian Federation is not required, it is necessary to clarify whether it will be required at the border to enter another state or to obtain a visa. Indeed, most foreign countries consider such a document as mandatory for the entry of minors.
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The procedure for obtaining a permit
So, you will need the consent of the second parent or mutual permission to organize a child's trip abroad: the document will need to be attached to the package of papers for a visa or presented to border guards at passport control. Now you need to understand the registration procedure.
Immediately, we note that you will need a notarized consent for the child to travel abroad. The document to be prepared by a lawyer must contain:
- information about the child;
- information about the authorized person;
- data on the country of the visit and the duration of stay in it.
To obtain a permit, you will need the presence of both parents and the presence of their passports.
The procedure itself will not take much time. Having filled in a special form, the notary will certify it, make an entry in the registration book and hand you the document.
But the list of what documents are needed to travel abroad for children does not end there. If, for example, the surname of the accompanying parent does not coincide with the surname of the baby, it is necessary to prepare a document confirming the relationship. A child's birth certificate, which indicates the details of the father and mother, is quite suitable.
In addition, prepare your child's personal passport for traveling abroad if information about the young traveler is not in your travel ID. At the same time, it does not matter whether the child's passport is of the old model or biometric: it is only important that its validity period is sufficient for the entire duration of the tour.
Depending on the country of visit and the purpose of the trip, you may need:
- insurance;
- sponsorship letter;
- certificate from the place of study;
- medical certificates.
You should also take into account the requirements of the receiving party regarding the issuance of a permit. If Russian legislation only obliges to certify it with a notary, then in order to open a visa, many consulates will also require a translation.
Here are the rules of the countries most popular among Russians:
| The country | How to get a child an exit permit |
|---|---|
| Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Finland | Notary certification + English translation |
| Slovakia | Notarized translation into Czech or Slovak language. |
| Latvia | They can accept paper in Russian, but sometimes they require translation into Latvian. |
| Cyprus | The translation into English is enough. |
| Lithuania, Portugal | There are no strict requirements for translation, but for Portugal it is still better to prepare a paper in English. |
| Malta | Translation is required. |
| Czech Republic, Hungary, Netherlands | Permissions translated into English, French or German are accepted. |
| New Zealand, Australia, Canada, USA, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand | Permission with notary certification and translation into English. |
| Israel | Translation is not required, but the permit must be apostilled. |
| Turkey Egypt | A power of attorney is not required if the child is accompanied by one of the parents. When traveling with a third party or on your own, the document will have to be drawn up. |
| Tunisia, Dominican Republic | Permission is rarely asked, but you will have to issue it. |
As can be seen from the table, in most cases, the procedure will not do just one trip to the notary. In some cases, you will have to visit a translation agency, and in others, even the authorities responsible for apostille. And do not forget that in order to obtain a permit, you will need a child's travel document to travel abroad or a birth certificate.
Please note that both the FSB of the Russian Federation and representatives of other countries monitor the entry and exit of minors very carefully, especially when it comes to countries where human trafficking is widespread. At the slightest suspicion (for example, the child does not look too much like the accompanying parent or the behavior of the baby causes concern) you may certainly be required to leave and prove the relationship: it is better to be ready for such checks - both documented and morally.
Practical advice. Before applying for a visa or buying tickets to another country, we recommend that you check for a ban on leaving the country. You can do this quickly, safely and online using the proven Nevylet.rf service.
What documents will a child from an incomplete family need
A parent raising a child alone is no longer a rare case. But you should be aware that in the process of preparing a trip for a child from an incomplete family abroad, you will have to prepare additionally, depending on the circumstances:
- a certificate issued by the registry office stating that the child's paternity is in question;
- a document confirming the death of the second parent;
- a police certificate stating that the place of stay of one of the parents is unknown;
- a court decision to deprive a father or mother of parental rights;
- a certificate confirming the incapacity of one of the parents.
In addition, if the parent has been officially granted the status of "single person", you will have to take a certificate in form No. 25 from the registry office, which certifies this. The certificate must necessarily indicate that information about the child's father was recorded on the basis of the mother's words.
The package of papers must be accompanied by:
- Kid's passport.
- Birth certificate.
- Insurance.
In the presence of the above papers, the father's consent to the child's departure abroad with the mother is not required.
When the parents divorced
Relationships between spouses after a divorce develop in different ways. In most cases, they can hardly be called warm, which causes many obstacles in organizing the trip of their joint children.
So, if the father or mother is against the upcoming trip, they can express their disagreement in writing. An application is submitted to the migration or border service. If the parent is staying abroad, then to the diplomatic mission of the Russian Federation. The application must be accompanied by a copy of your passport, certified by a notary, and a document confirming the rights to the child.
It is impossible to obtain a power of attorney for a child to travel abroad, if the parents are divorced, and one of them expressed a ban. The issue can be resolved exclusively through the courts.
How much does the permit cost and how much is valid
To date, there is no rule of law that defines the period for which a child can leave the borders of his state without parents or with one of them. But the Federal Notary Chamber is of the opinion and even recommends that all notaries on the territory of the Russian Federation issue a permit strictly for the period of time that the trip will last.
Thus, the date of the beginning of the validity of the paper is the day of departure, and the end is the day of returning home. This means that you cannot use the same document next time. The validity period of a permit is necessarily displayed in the text it contains.
How much does a notary's permission to leave a child abroad cost is most often determined by the size of the settlement, the competition in the city and the work experience of the notary representative himself.
On average, the cost of a notarized consent is in the range from 1,000 to 1,200 rubles, which will have to be paid with each new application.
Conclusions
Summarize:
- For a child to leave the territory of the Russian Federation, if he is traveling with one of the parents, there is no need to obtain the consent of the second, provided that he does not interfere with this event.
- Traveling with a third party or on your own requires obtaining consent from both father and mother.
- If the parents filed for a divorce and one of them prohibits the export of the baby abroad, this prohibition can only be canceled in court.
- To send a child from an incomplete family to another country, you will have to prove that the consent of the second parent cannot be obtained.
When entering the territory of other countries, in most cases, you will be asked to present a permit certified by a notary and translated into the language of the country of visit.
And, finally, the most interesting thing is the restriction of travel abroad for debtors. It is about the debtor's status that it is easiest to “forget” when going on the next overseas vacation. The reason may be overdue loans, unpaid utility bills, alimony or fines from the traffic police. Any of these debts may threaten to restrict travel abroad in 2021, we recommend finding out information about the presence of debts using a proven service.
