Before traveling abroad with a child, you should consider obtaining an exit permit. Most states require it in order to obtain a visa or entry. It is not difficult to get it, but if one of the parents disagrees or does not agree, difficulties may arise.
When you may need
If the minor is accompanied by at least one parent abroad, permission is not needed - only certificates of guardianship or parenthood are needed.
But there are nuances. The consent of the second parent will be required, for example, in the following cases:
- When the parents are divorced and during the dissolution of the marriage, restrictions on interaction were imposed on one of them;
- If the minor is going to travel on his own;
- When traveling to a country whose laws require it.
A distinction should be made between the entry permit, presented at the border control, and the consent of the guardian, which is required when applying for a visa. The reasons for the need vary.
Traveling to a State Requiring Consent by Law
Countries with a visa regime, also with a Schengen visa, usually require the consent of the second parent, regardless of the circumstances. Paper is not needed to go through passport control, but to obtain an entry visa: it is no longer required upon entry.
Moreover, this is relevant even when the parents are not divorced - without her, the child will almost certainly not be allowed through at the stage of visa processing. Entry without consent is allowed in states with simplified entry for Russians.
These countries are:
- Turkey;
- Egypt;
- Brazil;
- CIS countries (Kazakhstan, Belarus).
If one of the parents disagrees
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Some of the spouses may not agree to the trip. Oral disagreement is not a basis for a formal ban. If one of the spouses does not want to allow travel, he can contact the migration authorities of the Russian Federation - the GUVM or the border service.
Disagreement can only be formalized with a personal visit. Departure will be temporarily prohibited, and a decision on the possibility of such can only be made through a court. At the trial, it is necessary to substantiate the reasons for the need for travel: if permanent relocation (permanent residence) is assumed, evidence should be provided of a hypothetical improvement in conditions, respectively, increasing the well-being of the traveler.
Accompanied by a representative or a third party
If the representative is not a guardian or a trustee, a notarized cross statement of both parents must be formalized. This is necessary if the minor travels with any of the relatives (grandmother, grandfather) or third parties (teacher, group leader).
The trip can be made for study or before a summer camp located outside the Russian Federation. This makes the representative fully responsible for the fate of the child during the trip.
To obtain a visa in such a situation will require more effort than if the trip took place with an official guardian, and the procedure becomes correspondingly more complicated.
Independent check-out
When traveling abroad on your own, the formal consent of both guardians or trustees is also required. In the absence of a formal ban from one of those, the only one is sufficient. Children under the age of twelve are prohibited from crossing the border on their own, they need to be accompanied by at least an official representative with a notarized certificate.
Airlines will allow you to buy a ticket for a minor citizen, even if accompanied by a third person, only if he is five years old.
Registration procedure
A child's permission to travel abroad is issued by a notary. When registering, the following documents will be required:
- Passport or birth certificate of a minor;
- Accompanying data;
- Trustees' passports.
In this case, the guardian or trustee will need certificates confirming kinship or guardianship. The form or sample of the document can be found on the official portals of government agencies.
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The application must contain the following information:
- Term. The period can be specified both as a clear date and the time of the occurrence of any event, from the age of majority of the traveler to the expiration of the visa and other documents. At the same time, this column does not limit the validity period of the certificate itself, since it has not been officially established;
- The official name of the state (or several) in accordance with the All-Russian classifier. The free form of the name is not accepted;
- Information about the person leaving;
- Information about the companion.
In the process of registration, it is important to take into account the requirements of the countries being visited. So, there are countries that do not require permission at all - the states annexed to the Commonwealth of Independent States, some neighboring states abroad (including Armenia, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan). Individual embassies may require additional details.
In addition to the permission to apply for a visa, you will have to present the child's passport and birth certificate with the indicated citizenship. If a minor citizen has already turned 14 years old, then a passport is suitable as a second document, if citizenship is indicated there.
In addition, you may need:
- Health insurance data;
- Travel sponsor income;
- Certificates from places of study;
- Discharges from work of one or both guardians.
This is especially true for situations when the departure is made with the accompaniment of a third person (relative or teacher).
A document is drawn up by any notary. If you have a full package of papers, the procedure will take a maximum of half an hour. The most important elements are the notary's seal and signature, without which the certificate will be invalid.
Cost and duration
There is no actual validity period. According to the law, this paper is issued to visit one or several specific states, after the commission of which it becomes invalid. The certificate reflects all specified entries. How many countries can be visited on paper is not specified by law.
The cost of the service in Russia varies and depends on the region. In Moscow, St. Petersburg, it usually costs about 1200 rubles, for regions the price is from 500 to 700 rubles. The indicated amount includes a state fee in the amount of 100 rubles from each trustee, if the applications were submitted separately. Otherwise, the fee will be charged in a single amount. The cost may increase according to the duration of the trip, but this depends solely on the notary who draws up the paper.
Special cases
In some situations, obtaining such paper is difficult or impossible. For example, in the absence of a second guardian due to death or the raising of a child by a single mother, obtaining a signature is obviously not feasible. Usually the problem is solved by providing additional documents, but there is a possibility that the issue will have to be resolved through the court.
Taking into account an incomplete family
If the family has only one guardian (mother or father), the situation is resolved by providing certificates:
- Upon the death of the second, a death certificate must be provided;
- When a second guardian is wanted (including because of the loss, and not for judicial reasons), you need to obtain an official certificate from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and provide it to the migration services;
- If the second guardian does not take material or other participation in the upbringing, it is possible to formalize the deprivation of parental rights through the court and provide a certificate of this.
Disagreement of the second parent
In some situations, the second guardian may refuse to give consent. As an example, spouses may have a difficult relationship, be divorced, or be unhappy with each other. Then he declares this disagreement to the migration authorities, for example, the FMS, then the services impose a ban on leaving. The situation can be resolved peacefully. However, if the dissenter continues to stand his ground, you will have to decide everything through the court.
First of all, a claim should be sent to the district court. The required package of documents is attached to the claim:
- Statement of claim. There is no established form for such an application, but you can download a suitable sample from the Internet or check the details of filling out with the person in charge;
- A copy of the claim to be brought against the spouse or spouse;
- Copy of the passport;
- Copies of birth certificates;
- Marriage certificate. If any - about divorce;
- Certificates of the need to leave, as an example - medical certificates;
- Papers confirming the imposition of the prohibition, that is, a copy of the prohibition itself, an official response from the Main Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
At the hearing, you will have to substantiate your position regarding the need for a trip. If you are moving to a permanent place of residence, then the chances will increase upon the provision of convincing evidence.
It should be explained that this will significantly improve the conditions of the child and increase the general well-being of the traveler. It is advisable to attach information about the income of both parties so that the court can make a decision based on this information.
Wait for the court decision. If the outcome is successful, the court will oblige the dissenting person to forcibly agree or, if the situation arises, deprive him of parental rights. After that, you will need to attach a certificate of deprivation to the package of papers during registration.
Notarized consent for a child to travel abroad is not always required - some countries admit minors without it. However, in a situation with divorce and independent travel, it is necessary. At the same time, the document is drawn up relatively easily, if you do not take into account the possible disagreement, the issue of which will have to be resolved in court.
