HISTORY, POLITICAL REGIME AND STATE STRUCTURE OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

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When studying Asia, the East and the Middle Kingdom (the Land of the Rising Sun), many users are faced with the question of the time of the formation of the modern form of the state. An interesting discovery awaits them here. The People's Republic of China was founded not so long ago, and this was preceded by many revolutionary events.

History of the People's Republic of China

According to history, the Republic of China was able to form only in2011 r. At that time, she controlled most of the mainland of the country and Mongolia. After the end of the Second World War, the group of islands Penghu and Taiwan (which were under the Japanese flag) came under control.

China's form of government is a democratic society with universal suffrage and a semi-presidential system. It is ranked 19th in the economic list of countries, has a high standard of living and surpasses China in terms of GDP.

Important! KR and PRC are two different countries. The first considers itself sovereign and independent from mainland China, it was able to form its own economy.

How old is the state in China

The Xinhai Revolution overthrew the Qing Dynasty regime, and in1911 year... and the country became known as the Republic of China (appeared instead of the monarchy).

The People's Liberation Army of China in 1949 was able to occupy almost the entire territory of the country and proclaim the formation of the PRC. She has reportedly gone through many changes:

1958-1962 - the creation of large-scale industrialization;
1966 - the Cultural Revolution, fighting against bourgeois and feudal vestiges (in parallel, the destruction of the opposition of M. Zedong and the characteristic medieval flavor was carried out);
1976 - the arrival of the reformers D. Xiaoping and H. Yaoban;
1978 is the period that created the openness of information and reforms.

Historians say about China at that time that in 1978 a phased economic growth and the construction of socialism began with some kind of peculiar Chinese characteristics.

Date of proclamation

Republic in China was declared October 1, 1949... The date served as a pretext for the proclamation and solemn event, which was held in the capital - Beijing.

China or the People's Republic of China: how to do it right

How to spell the People's Republic of China or China correctly? The official name is PRC. Simplified - just China, in translation it means "middle state".

PRC and China - What's the Difference? In the ease of pronunciation. More often they use a simpler version.

Political structure of the People's Republic of China

The leading form of government in China is considered to be a multi-party system.

There are several independent parties, but the leading and leading role is given to the CCP. Her right to rule is spelled out in the country's constitution.

National People's Congress

Many foreigners are interested in everything about modern China. The supreme body here is the NPC (analogous to the parliamentary assembly), it consists of deputies recruited:

from the provinces;
cities of central subordination;
autonomous regions;
armed forces.

Note! China is a country where the mandate of the elect is valid for five years, and the meeting is convened annually in May. For the rest of the period, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the National People's Congress (NPC Standing Committee) operates.

The functions of the NPC include:

amendments to the current constitution;
supervision over its execution;
adoption and regulation of the basic laws of the country;
selection of the President of the PRC and the Deputy;
election of the President of the Supreme People's Court and the Prosecutor General;
approval of economic development plans;
resolving issues of peace and war;
change in the administrative-territorial structure of the country.

The NPC PC function includes:

PRC President

He is a nominal person, is elected for five years and cannot rule for more than 2 consecutive terms. It can be a citizen of the country who has reached the age of 45.

Important! The current Chairman of the PRC since 2013 is S. Jinping.

State Council of the People's Republic of China

Refers to the highest authority in the country. The State Council of the People's Republic of China includes:

Premier;
his deputy;
deputy prime ministers;
ministers;
heads of commissions;
general auditor;
head of the secretariat.

He solves issues of study, culture, science, sports, health care and family planning. Since 2013, L. Keqiang has been appointed Premier of the State Council.

Communist Party of China

What is a PDA in China? The main and leading role of the Communist Party is prescribed constitutionally. It formed in Shanghai in1921 g. The CPC ideology includes provisions on Marxism-Leninism, the ideas of M. Zedong and the theory of D. Xiaoping.

The highest bodies include the National Congress of the Party and the Central Committee elected by it. The CPC has about 700 million people, the NSP meets once every five years. The Central Committee elects persons with a party experience of at least 5 years, it consists of:

from the Standing Committee;
The Politburo;
Secretary General.

Note! State-owned enterprises and institutions, the armed forces must have their own PC.

Judicial branch

GIs in China are the people's prosecutors and courts. They are elected by the local people's congresses.

Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China

The division implies 3 levels:

provinces;
counties;
volosts.

In fact, there are five of them, between the county and the province there is a district, and the parish is additionally divided into villages. Also present:

for the administration of national minorities - an autonomous region, region, county or parish;
a city can be a county or an urban-type county;
individual settlements are centrally subordinated and equated to a province.

For your information! Difficulties with the counting of inhabitants within the city limits are caused by the suburbs and rural outskirts that are part of it.

Republic of China in Taiwan

The evacuation of the Kuomintang nationalist party to the island took place in1949 H., they were protected by the 7th Fleet of the US Navy. The civil war stopped at a temporary truce that continues to this day.

The Kyrgyz Republic looks like a partially recognized separate power, but many of the countries have unofficial ties with it. The island has political democracy, and the president is elected by the whole country. American aid has led to a sharp economic growth, the GDP is 11 times higher than the same indicators of the PRC.

Special administrative regions

From the middle of the 19th century. Macau and Hong Kong were colonies of Great Britain and Portugal. After lengthy negotiations, Macau was returned to1999 g., second - 1997 year.

In 31 st. Constitution from1982 year... refers to special administrative regions, which are equal to the provinces. They have their own:

constitution;
executive, legislative, judicial systems;
currency;
customs, immigration, tax policy.

Note! The PRC CP is responsible for defense and foreign relations.

Territorial disputes and separatism

How old is communist China, so many disputes with the Kyrgyz Republic have been going on:

for the Taiwanese island;
2 counties in Fujian province, which are located on the Kinmen and Mazu islands.

The country claims the Japanese-controlled Diaoyutai and Senkaku islands. Since 1974... the Paracel Islands, taken from Vietnam, were added to the territory of China.

Separatist sentiments have clouded some regions in China. There was an anti-Chinese uprising in Tibet in 1959, as a result of which the Dalai Lama 14 left him and established a Tibetan government in exile in India.

For your information! The area of China is 9,596,961 km² (full size).

Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China

Administrative control is held over 22 provinces, while the government believes that the territory of the Taiwan island belongs to them. In addition, the PRC includes:

5 autonomous regions where national minorities live;
4 municipalities corresponding to urban settlements with central subordination;
2 special administrative regions.

Important! All of these parts are united by the concept of "mainland China", they do not include Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau (with their own administrative apparatus and embassies of foreign countries).

There are 5 levels of local government in the mainland:

provincial type. Includes 23 provinces, 5 districts of autonomous subspecies, 4 cities with central subordination, 2 specialized administrative districts;
district. Includes 15 prefectures, 286 urban-type districts, 30 autonomous regions and 3 aimags;
county: counties - 1455 (of which urban type 370, autonomous 117), districts - 857 (special 4), 49 khoshuns (autonomous 3);
volost: settlements - 19683, volosts - 13587 (national 1085), somons - 106 (national 1), street committees - 7194, districts of county subordination - 2;
rustic. These are local communities and villages.

Beijing

It is located in the northwestern part of the North China Plain, with mountain ranges visible from its western and northern sides. The latter gradually turn into a plain descending in the south-west to the Bohai Bay (Yellow Sea). Beijing has a distinct change of seasons and a temperate continental climate.

Tianjin

Located near Bohai Bay, it belongs to Northern China on the northern side of the Great China Canal, connected with the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. The map indicates that it is bordered by Hebei Province on the northern, western and southern parts.

Note! Beijing is located in96 km from Tianjin, they are connected by high-speed rail.

Shanghai

A real cultural and financial center of the country with the largest seaport. It has a humid subtropical climate with a pronounced change of seasons: winter and spring are short, summer and autumn are long. It houses the second largest library and the oldest and most important educational institutions in China.

Most of the population of the ancient settlement is from neighboring provinces. Number of inhabitants - 23.39 million Human.

Chongqing

It belongs to the largest commercial centers for industrial purposes in China. At the heart of the chemical, engineering and metallurgical industries. It has 25 bridges, one functioning and 2 international airports under construction, 3 railways, 5 highways and 17 provincial highways. Population - 30.751 million Human.

Hong Kong

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region returned to the PRC to1997 year (the basis was the end of the lease agreement). There are a total of 18 districts that make up Hong Kong, which are represented by:

Central and Western;
Eastern;
Southern;
Wan Chai;
Kowloon City;
Samshuipou;
Yauchimwon;
Wongtaixin;
Kunton;
North;
Saikun;
Sathin;
Taipou;
Islands;
Khuaychin;
Chhyunwan;
Thunmun;
Yunlong.

Note! It retains the British version of education, there are public, private and subsidized institutions. Hong Kong belongs to the offshore territories without value added taxes. It is the richest region in the PRC, with a population of 7.404 million. Famous for its attractions.

Macau

Formerly a Portuguese colony, it is now a bilingual special administrative region of China that has retained its independence. It includes two municipalities, further subdivided into districts. Total number of inhabitants - 653.1K Human. Macau is an open port for Europe and the rest of the countries, which is famous for its gambling establishments.

In Macau, textiles are produced and exported, the tobacco industry and fishing are important industries.

China has enormous potential and developed industry (when compared with other Asian powers). It is on the list of leaders in terms of the number of inhabitants and ranks third in terms of territory (compared to Russia and the United States).

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